Smart charging of electric vehicles at a charging station using machine learning and pressure pad energy harvesting

Abstract

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) demands intelligent, cost-effective, and sustainable charging solutions. This paper introduces a smart EV charging station system that integrates machine learning (ML) with pressure pad–based energy harvesting. The system forecasts energy demand, predicts vehicle types and slot needs, and recommends optimal charging times using real-time data such as state of charge (SoC), battery health, and user behavior patterns. ML models such as long short-term memory (LSTM) and random forest are employed to ensure accurate scheduling and forecasting. A smart display, the display slot indicator (DSI), powered by sensors and station data, guides users with live cost, time, and slot availability, including alternate suggestions during peak demand. The pressure pad not only contributes to energy recovery but also aids in real-time vehicle detection and traffic regulation within the station. With scalable capacity and intelligent automation, this system can support more than 400 EVs per day, minimizing operational load and energy waste while maximizing convenience and sustainability.