MPPT controller for a solar PV array with temperature-compensated P&O algorithm

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) systems must operate at the maximum power point (MPP) to maintain efficiency under varying environmental conditions. This study develops a temperature-compensated perturb-and-observe (P&O), maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller integrated with a boost converter in MATLAB. A 100 kW PV array was modeled using realistic module parameters; baseline experiments without MPPT revealed power losses up to 70% and incorrect power–temperature correlations due to fixed-duty cycle operation. With MPPT enabled, the controller dynamically adjusted the duty ratio, achieving proportional scaling with irradiance and an inversely proportional response to temperature. Results confirm a peak summer output of 48.78 kW compared to 15 kW without MPPT, improving annual energy yield by a factor of three under realistic Sakarya operating conditions.